In order to avoid plagiarism, you must give credit when
- You use another person's ideas, opinions, or theories.
- You use facts, statistics, graphics, drawings, music, etc., or any other type of information that does not comprise common knowledge.
- You use quotations from another person's spoken or written word.
- You paraphrase another person's spoken or written word.
Recommendations
- Begin the writing process by stating your ideas; then go back to the author's original work.
- Use quotation marks and credit the source (author) when you copy exact wording.
- Use your own words (paraphrase) instead of copying directly when possible.
- Even when you paraphrase another author's writings, you must give credit to that author.
- If the form of citation and reference are not correct, the attribution to the original author is likely to be incomplete. Therefore, improper use of style can result in plagiarism. Get a style manual and use it.
- The figure below may help to guide your decisions.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUIAAAFwCAIAAABCfeVtAAAX0ElEQVR4nO2dPYscSbaGwxxjIesHLBQL1xEM1OgXFHfNBtGwcJ2Fi1ga2W0sa4g22hcN5cgahi1L4zUFgnUGtOW1PJWn8brMMusn5DVylTeVkXky8ivqnMznQYisrPg48cZ5I6KySy2XAoBx3KUDAIC+YGMA82DjgXnx4wsH9bz48cWlp2iCYOOBcQ5JJdBnDNB0YEhTGfQZAzQdGNJUBn3GAE0HhjSVQZ8xQNOBIU1l0GcM0HRgSFMZ9BkDNB0Y0lQGfcYATQemQ5rWVYmf8Y095j/+Ha8L6ACaDkw3G/u1erqlG3KPxXc7x4aNxwBNBwYb9+kCuoGmA9P5UO2bJL8j+6fu3WL10qLgt18Zg7CUYGNV6NX0dDo9fnz89O9Ptv5os7Fg7JCbjT22xTl38Tlq9edfH//1fHzuPN446LXx3//x9z/98U9//u8/2/rT5xFXo3vlvdH/u7KRupt1Beqi7YZz7uJz1OrPi/968Zf/+UufIUdAr41/+ecvf/3fv146itZMw8ZpzaG6/5HY3KHaRB7q1fSXf/5y87ebS0fRmsnYOLxAKyzaWH8e6tXUxCro08fGwnVjy4EbbM8C/bFoY/15qFdTE6ugjzYbp/VPqv0CHKp9TOShXk1NrII+46WpOQNUYm4UJvJQr6YmVkEfbCxjbhQm8lCvpiZWQZ8x0tQ/3NrF3EBM5KFeTU2sgj7m0jQy5vQxkYd6NTWxCvqYS9PImNPHRB7q1dTEKuhjLk0jY04fE3moV1MTq6CPuTSNjDl9TOShXk1NrII+5tI0Mub0MZGHejU1sQr6mEvTyJjTx0Qe6tXUxCroYy5NI2NOHxN5qFdTE6ugj7k0jYw5fUzkoV5NTayCPubSNDLm9DGRh3o1NbEK+phL08iY08dEHurVtLQKHo/H/X6fvzyfz/v9Pvu7yPl8zt7d7Xbb7fZwOEQO21yaRsacPpW7cZZ4+cvD4XA8HrPr4/G43W63222WinHQq2lpFTwcDs657Xabvby9vV0ul+fz2Tm3LpAJmiTJcrlcrVbFKnEwl6aRMadP5W683++dc5vNJnu5Xq/v7+/TNN1ut865JEki555eTf1V8P7+PkmSbCF0zmU7rZ8W9/f3q9Uqv14ul1Hi/Q/m0jQy5vSp3I2zDEySJNuEMxufz+ckSTI/p2m62+3yLB0bvZpWroKr1er6+nq5XOZiOeeKh+r0m8SvX7/e7XYxDzZ5PJF7tIU5fep24/wAmH6z8W63S5KkWCzfpcdGr6aVq2B2tM432zRNS4fq7OZut7u+vs7+fV9+8omDuTSNjDl96nbj9XqdfXzbbDaZXTebTenod319fX19HSFIvZrWPSEsrXB+Wmy32/zxw2azcc7F3JN/+MMPDur54Q8/RJuLQRB24zRNN5tN9iDm/v6++Fkvo3jGHhXVNq78eV2jjW9vb1erVWbd7PNJ/KM1TAZhN86u1+u1cy7LydVqle3S5/P59vbWOZc/wR4V1TYO3I2LZE8asueEGZGfVMPEkHfjNE2zo3WWk8fjMcu9JEmSJOFJdd9vz5R+zgzQjQ55eDweI39hQbWN9X97BiaPiTxUbWP932WFyWMiD1XbWP8qCJPHRB6qtrH+VRAmj4k8VG1j/asgTB4TeajaxvpXQZg8JvJQtY31r4IweUzkoWob618FYfKYyEPVNta/CsLkMZGH39n45U8vY31D3iQvf3p5qXmaFeShjJ+HA/8n1NMGfeKAzjK+Pti4BegTB3SWwca9QJ84oLMMNu4F+sQBnWWwcS/QJw7oLIONe4E+cUBnGWzcC/SJAzrLjG7juhbCW64s2S2w/OdsHerWNThUUyAQonPpR6ltq3emrtOYxLBxRR+9x9yherHKUIpj4zgE2rhtlf69D9Xp4HbAxuOGAR3oYOPAWn16H/ac2KGWUH2UQ7VvofxOo7tKBSobrDxHCYsFNrZFTxuXLoovGzNHSCT5ppDYjV20PaVbsnFp2EJ1uc04xy0YkAFt3CFzuu3GdUnYKmMDEyySjfMLIe5GsTo41r85rPGwcRyG3Y2F6/Bdt7EwNpZa8G8WKRaovNlzOHWxwaiMZGM/SZTYuDJ7BaZgY6GKcD0I2DgOY+/GHW76rTVmuHDdM0vj2Vi4ljsKt3HltI3qNGwchw42buWWDltFeKed+5W7FsJINds4rT8q+3b1V0e5l25g4zgE2rjuLFpnSCFzKnfaxn7TgHQN6aKylsDoNu4chwmMhm0OdJbBxr0wGrY50Fnm8jZudXjQht3IbYHOMpe3sWnQJw7oLIONe4E+cUBnGWzcC/SJAzrLYONeoE8c0FkGG/cCfeKAzjLYuBfoEwd0lsHGvUCfOKCzDDbuBfrEAZ1lsHEv0CcO6CyDjXuBPnFAZxls3Av0iQM6y2DjXqBPHNBZBhv3An3igM4y2LgX6BMHdJbBxr1Anzigs0yDjReLhYN6FotFxMmaL+ShjJ+Hqpc9x6oMCtCfh6rj0y8fzAH9eag6Pv3ywRzQn4eq49MvH8wB/XmoOj798sEc0J+HquPTLx/MAf15qDo+/fLBHNCfh6rj0y8fzIG6PNzv98fjMX95+Ma+wOFwyAtvNpv9fn8+n4ePcPAWBwQbgwbq8nC9Xq9Wq+z6cDg453a73Xq9Xi6X62/c3t6maXp7e+ucW6/XSZKsVqvBnazaJ7585/N5v9/nLw+HQ74cHo/H7Xa73W7HWO1gztTZ+Hg8Jklyf3+fpulqtbq+vk7TdL1eZ3dKLex2uzRNz+dzkiTZ9ZARDtvcsPjy7fd759xms8le5pJtt1vnXLbUOee2223cSGHKCKfCzWaTJMnt7e1yucz2j/V6/fr16/xQnW0zq9VqtVptNpviIXzICMdodCjqbJwkSSZHZuNshcuXwN1u55zLP5MA9ET+cLder51z+SGxdKjOdpTz+ZxZ3TnHoTrd7/e5QOk3G+92uyRJisUqDzYA3ZBtnOVk/tLPvePxmJ8fj8fjcrkcPDlN2jj7TLLZbDLJNpvNcrksFru+vs4+qAD0p7+Ni5+Nx9hjTNo4/faZJFvYspN28RRdPGMD9KStjUv/rjBN081mk7/kUP2dZJle+XPCbJfOPoQ450Z6lgAzZKgffJZ+zjwghm1cfNx/PB6zZ9RJkiRJwpNqGBD9319QHV9b+Y7HIw+oYXCwcS/0ywdzQH8eqo5Pv3wwB/Tnoer49MsHc0B/HqqOT798MAf056Hq+PTLB3NAfx5+F9/Ln162/p25c+LlTy8vNU+zgjyU8fOQ/zWiBegTB3SW8fXBxi1Anzigsww27gX6xAGdZbBxL9AnDugsg417gT5xQGcZbNwL9IkDOstg416gTxzQWWZIG/s/zhogwJqORmq5LXoimTYX1DnvujIG+d1oDGzjxjuDoMc8eiKZNthYBhv3Qk8k0wYby8SzsX/Szq6LQvhH8bxMZUWhNaHBwJshYOM4oLNMJBv7fku/92FlgboyjTeFHgNvBkJ6xQGdZQa2cQm5y8YCddeNN1v1iI31g84y4+7GpXdL9q472Q5l47oG6+50OFeTXnFAZ5lINm51mh3Exo17bMg23gjpFQd0lolt47rduLJAXflWNg7pMWQI8rhgVNBZJvahOhWNVyqQX7c9acsN+ofnbifqyk5hDNBZZkgbj8HFA5BRHt5kQGcZbNwL5eFNBnSWwca9UB7eZEBnGe02Vg76xAGdZbBxL9AnDugsg417gT5xQGcZbNwL9IkDOstg416gTxzQWQYb9wJ94qBBZ/87Qv6Xiy4FNu4F+sTh4jqHfHH4gmDjXqBPHC6uc+D3fy8FNu4F+sTh4jpj4ymDPnG4uM7YeMqgTxwurjM2njLoEwcNOtc9qdYANu4F+sQBnWWwcS/QJw7oLIONe4E+cUBnmQYbLxYLB/UsFouIkzVfHDYW8fVRrRfTOU+YdxlsDAZg3mWwMRggcN79Tz1tW+jZadsuhgIbgwHCHVV3ZyQbl8p0y8/+WY2NwQA6bVxZYLxtv1ULqn2CjefJsDauPAPL5/Bwx9b1WNdRZb9tj+jYGAww4GfjDjfreu9g4/CbQr8hkaj2CTaeJwPuxo1GKr0rdI2NO4KN58mlbCwfbkeyceVpQgYbgwEuuBsLvfv2a9VR424cDjYGA8S0cfhnY/+txuMxh+o0xcZzJdzGdYfSyoNrZd26KiGd1nUk995YoBFsDAZg3mWwMRiAeZfBxmAA5l0GG4MBmHcZbAwGYN5lsDEYgHmXwcZgAOZdBhuDAZh3GWwMBmDeZbAxGIB5l8HGYADmXQYbgwGYdxlsDAZg3mWwMRiAeZfBxmAA5l0GG4MBmHcZbAwGYN5lsDEYgHmXwcZgAOZdBhuDAZh3GWwMBmDeZbAxGIB5l8HGYADmXQYbgwEWi4WDehaLRUkx1T5x2BgUoD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP681B1fPrlgzmgPw9Vx6dfPpgD+vNQdXz65YM5oD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP681B1fPrlgzmgPw9Vx6dfPpgD+vNQdXz65YM5oD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP681B1fPrlgzmgPw9Vx6dfPpgD+vNQdXz65YM5oD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP681B1fPrlgzmgPw9Vx6dfPpgD+vNQdXz65YM5oD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP681B1fPrlgzmgPw9Vx6dfPpgD+vNQdXz65YM5oD8PVcenXz6YA/rzUHV8+uWDOaA/D1XHp18+mAP68/C7+F78+MIBgG5e/PhCsrFTv+oAgO9TbAxgDGwMYB5sDGAebAxgHmwMYB5sDGAebGyMD79+uHp15Zy7eXPz4dcP2c3sh4fdGuxTF5SAjS1x9/bu5s3N+XxO0/Tp85Nz7uHdQ/q9FZ+Pz9lNgWIZbDwBsLEZPv32yTn39fevcrEQW2LdiYGNzXD39q5uOnJbFr+gl6bp6XR6ePeQvbx5c5MtAaUyJUs/fnzMDu2PHx9L7T8fn69eXV29uvpy+DLqSKEt2NgMwhZafKt4fff2LrPu6XRyzl29upLLZxv+0+en7MT+6bdPxTJPn59K7YASsLEZOtg4TdPn4/Pjx8dsJ68sU7y+eXNTvH/z5qaxfdAANjZD0WMl6mz25fDFOff+5/fZLtpo47bXoARsbIbHj4+u5hHXULZkNzYKNrbE1aur0g+cMqfV2Sx7WHU6nbLCjTaWPxv716AEbGyMD79+cN94ePdwOp3SqoP03du77Dp7tpzt5JVlSrbMnlRnVfKb2Fg52BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDyj29h59GxwPEaNrVXjmlWqo9vkylW66TCgeoPk/0gty60Nb+PGO0rAxp1j0BBwTs9gitUHbKrtuz07wsaXb1yDROYCzsHGaUwbu2//UC5/WTqY5QUqG6krXBmD30hdC3VBdqteGVjd54v8pl/YH1qIXCFhCxXrZr/0rlBY7q5xpI2zIOgQEkyden369YNvlKI/FeEN203l+POLyjGHF6grXBdAY3eV7zYWCImw20DqRhdSMTDskMJFGscul2zsrnH4ITp0CDt89oWKjWWE6z7EsHGJysY7GEMoLAQjFC75rXNg/t+DDKp/4UH0HMTGgbE1Rl7ZXWMmtLJxtyG0jbknMWwc8lZbQf11Qe4opLC/0HQIrPLv0kX4otZZgbrWunXdShC5ZKuRhtg4PBMCFWsVdl1FIU6hTGf8dmzYOLyjDmnXM7BGG3eLs5UCIzmzVeEINu4ZTEwbN7bTB+027matyl7Cl+HONu5TtzGk/i33N0Orwv1H2mpo4Wt0fBu3Wo47oMXG6Td9/UGWbsqF6zrKmwpsIWRS6wILuZYH5Rf2BxgYf0jXjcaoi7OyBblkY2xplfhCX0KtymAqOy0GWbqW+5ULyOWFUNtSkUtjdNONy/aujfmoMZmRygMZcJjYWDUhO940mORIsfHle1dC5WFskkxypMIJf9ReFNkYAELAxgDmwcYA5sHGAObBxgDmwcYA5sHGAObBxgDmwcYA5sHGAObBxgDmwcYA5sHGAObBxgDmwcYA5sHGAObBxgDmwcYA5sHGk6XD3DHdRsHG08T/Ta7htcAc2HiaYONZgY2nSaWN85uVvwndLw9WwMYTpO53Plf+fwjFC6bbKNh4ggg29q8n+Xve5wY2nhquivytYjHhJtgCG0+NihnFxlMHG08K+b8awcZTBRtPig42Tr8/h48dIYwBNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA82BjAPNgYwDzYGMA821kLpN0s/vHs4n89ylS+HL1evrpxzd2/v4gQJOsHGWij+Ysqvv391zr3/+b1cJfPw+KGBdrCxFkq/Xzbk183yK2khAxtrQbbx+5/fZ3cePz4WCxSL+WXyYg/vHvKDt1Ds+fh89erq6tXVl8OX/K3Hj4/Ztv/w7uF0OtU1cjqd7t7e5d3lJSEC2FgLRUM+fX4qHqo//PrBOff0+enL4Ytz7tNvn/wqcpmvv38NKfb0+el0Ojnnrl5dZfcfPz4W7z+8e6hr5ObNTRZMVpKP6zHBxlrwH3HlbxU/Azvnbt7cFKuElwksVtes3Ej+sK24k0McsLEWcvM8H59Lu5nzKFUJLNOqqcrqQiP5Y3PnXOlYDmODjbVQNMyn3z65wsfOuifSjdtmKu7GdcVa7cYlvv7+NTty58dyiAA21kKl37IfHeefRbOPnZUn4ZAygcWK16XPxtkZobKR7PnW6XQ6n8/FliEC2FgLJb9lG3L+CTlzjvv+IXClReUyIcVKVTInl8r7jZzP5/zx9d3bO55UxwQbA5gHGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYBxsDmGd0GzuPkGjqvqLQuUrk9Sg8/p69THWdveC4LEoaw8YdCnewQRznBBKhX4vZJlMcETZuBTYeBWzcAWzcmYvZuHLOQmxcOkmWqsjv5teVx9H8pt+mUFfoty4YIYbAfivDqIuhbfB14ckx+0No1YI/wPDA/OHIhYXY0u8VqyxcWazVqOtG15mKMcpvd+igSGXLpcmr69ef5tSbs8YGQ2KovA4s3yqYkJEK/YYH1jb48O4q6dZCqUBP3RrHXtlyW9GE+ANbGMTJMWzceD/cxoFV+ti4MYxW/YaPrrLxtl0IvXSIs7F6YPyBLXReucJbqCs/SFaEy9JKzBCwcVDjxbdyAisOYuPGfuUCgY0I4VVWl4dQKjmIjeUYGjXx32rsulFYeVCtuuuM3wg2HnhDCxxdXUd15Vu5olUjIa2FE567bacjvIXGMp2Xm8b7rbrrDDauqNJo41KZzsGEjLSxtZACrRrpn3ndWmg1om4tlFobZHEPLBzSXWcuZuP028AabSCUTz2ZhHf9dirbl8OoK1PXb9sY5H6F6W8s0FimMby6m3VDCGyh9G6HwOqCCZ/oYuEOwso91uVMY2vhVIxRfnsOtBr1PCXKmfnwlYCN/0PnBXI+ElUy8+ErARv/P/KBTag1UjwAgWBjAPNgYwDzYOMgOpy3Gwv31zZCF+HNVj6GHapxkMHGzXQTQc71zs0OG4OSZkmznmDjZrDx2M2SZj3Bxg0Uj9Olc2P4Vwv8poRG5AN8sfHSolB5s9SF0HhlPJXXckk/KnmAlbLI1f3eZw42bsbPMCHt/AKVTdU1UmehwFq+teQuwluu6yXkYsCbdb3PHGzcTLjZQkwoX3droVU8go0DW5Zvhnuss40rr+cMNm4mso2LBLZgy8b+ALFxT7BxM5fajeVgOsdzWRv37EW4njPYuBlDh+rSHt7WxoEj7WBjOVRs3BNs3Ey4jdOqE6P/rtyIUL2xllzAj8Fv2X/XH1HlGOvGVddgXUgh1Suv5ww2nhqdp4y5tgs2ngKDbFDMtV2w8USQj+KBLQwYD8QEGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYBxsDmAcbA5gHGwOYp8HGi8XCAYBuFouFZGMAsAg2BjAPNgYwDzYGMM//AVNfi53K4bEqAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)